Introduction
Andrology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on male reproductive and sexual health. While often compared to gynecology in women, andrology encompasses a broader spectrum of male physiological functions, including hormonal regulation, fertility, sexual performance, and age-related health changes. The discipline addresses not only reproductive capacity but also the overall quality of life and long-term health of men.
In recent decades, andrology has gained increasing importance due to rising rates of male infertility, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal disorders. Modern lifestyles, environmental exposure, and chronic diseases have further emphasized the need for specialized male health care.
Scope of Andrology
Andrology involves the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis. It also includes the study of endocrine pathways responsible for androgen production, particularly testosterone. Common conditions managed in andrology include infertility, erectile dysfunction, erotic dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders, hypogonadism, testicular diseases, and prostate-related conditions.
The field is interdisciplinary, integrating principles from urology, endocrinology, internal medicine, psychiatry, and preventive medicine.
Importance in Clinical Practice
Male reproductive symptoms often indicate underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Early andrological assessment can therefore play a critical role in disease prevention and early diagnosis.
Conclusion
Andrology is a fundamental discipline in men’s health care. Its holistic approach supports reproductive health while contributing to the early detection and prevention of chronic diseases.